Patricia Crone, 2006

[hgr]

взгляд на происхождение ислама: очень простое и четкое изложение проблем, сделанное выдающимся автором той именно школы покойного John Wansbrough , которая мне лично и кажется единственно перспективной в этом деле.
происхождение ислама важно для понимания христианства 6-7 веков и особенно важно для понимания иудео-христианских традиций. возможно, этим темам будет посвящен специальный том Orientalia Judaica Christiana (приложения к Scrinium).
http://www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/mohammed_3866.jsp
...the prophet formulated his message in the liturgical language current in the religious community in which he grew up, adapting and/or imitating ancient texts such as hymns, recitations, and prayers, which had been translated or adapted from another Semitic language in their turn. (...)

Some exegetes are considerably more sophisticated than Ibn al-Kalbi, and among modern historians GR Hawting stands out as the first to have shown that the people denounced as polytheists in the Qur'an are anything but straightforward pagans. The fact that the Qur'an seems to record a split in a monotheist community in Arabia can be expected to transform our understanding of how the new religion arose. (...)

It is difficult not to suspect that the tradition places the prophet's career in Mecca for the same reason that it insists that he was illiterate: the only way he could have acquired his knowledge of all the things that God had previously told the Jews and the Christians was by revelation from God himself. Mecca was virgin territory; it had neither Jewish nor Christian communities.

The suspicion that the location is doctrinally inspired is reinforced by the fact that the Qur'an describes the polytheist opponents as agriculturalists who cultivated wheat, grapes, olives, and date palms. Wheat, grapes and olives are the three staples of the Mediterranean; date palms take us southwards, but Mecca was not suitable for any kind of agriculture, and one could not possibly have produced olives there.

In addition, the Qur'an twice describes its opponents as living in the site of a vanished nation, that is to say a town destroyed by God for its sins. There were many such ruined sites in northwest Arabia. The prophet frequently tells his opponents to consider their significance and on one occasion remarks, with reference to the remains of Lot's people, that "you pass by them in the morning and in the evening". This takes us to somewhere in the Dead Sea region. Respect for the traditional account has prevailed to such an extent among modern historians that the first two points have passed unnoticed until quite recently, while the third has been ignored. The exegetes said that the Quraysh passed by Lot's remains on their annual journeys to Syria, but the only way in which one can pass by a place in the morning and the evening is evidently by living somewhere in the vicinity.

Comments

[hgr.livejournal.com]

отлично.
пока у нас только самые общие рассуждения о том, как это могло бы выглядеть.

[amypp.livejournal.com]

Патришия - моя хорошая знакомая и прекрасный ученый, но почему-то ее хагаризм и прочие имхо ин ересные идеи вызывают у американских университетских коллег иронию и ухмылки.

[ioann22.livejournal.com]

Мне кажется,что ислам-это какое-то крайне-грубое несторианство (по-крайней мере,в ранний период написания),т.к.,с одной стороны, в 4 суре Иса именуется Словом Аллаха.Из контекста Корана Слово Аллаха-это Истина.А Истина,по Корану,-это Аллах.

Там же в 4 суре видно,что Слово и Дух-настолько приближенные понятия,что они употребляются безразлично.Думаю,что это традиция тянется ещё из первохристинских (и даже ранее) времён.

С другой стороны,Иса-это,по Корану,чел.ипостась,величайший предтеча Мухаммада,т,к.Иса указал на Мухаммада в слове о Параклите (трактуемом как Периклит,кажется,Прославленный,не помню уже).

Несторианство вроде всегда идёт в паре с савеллианством.В крайнем выражении это видно в период раннего Мухаммада.

[arrestant.livejournal.com]

Мухаммад еще и в Мекке не жил? Ну, и наука, знаете ли.